Fuel and Combustion

Fuel and Combustion

Investigation ofthe Effects of Oxygenate and Nitrate Component Additives on Physico-Chemical Properties and Exhaust Emission of Diesel Fuel

Authors
Vahid Pirozfar 1
Abdosamad Zarin Ghalam Moghadam 1
Fatolah Ommi 2
Mohammad Reza Omidkhah 1
1 Chemical Engineering Group, Faculty of Engineering, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran
2 Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
formulations were carried out with 5, 7.5 and 10% v/v of additive-ethanol starting from a base diesel. The presence of MXEE (2-Methoxy Ethyl Ether), NM (Nitro Methane), NE (Nitro Ethane) and ethanol in the diesel fuel significantly alters the characteristics of volatility (flashpoint and distillation curve) and increases the cetane number, improving the fuel’s performance in engine tests. The performance of the new fuel formulations were studied on a MB-OM 457 LA diesel engine inidle and cut-off speed positions. The results showed that soot formation can be reduced by more than 50%, 30% and 27% with the diesel formulations; E-NE5-10, E-NM5-10 and E-MX5-10, respectively.

Highlights

With the increase in the amount of ethanol in the fuel blends, cetane number, kinematics viscosity and flash point decrease. Distillation temperatures also change. To improve the cetane number of the fuel mixture, different additives: NM, NE and MXEE were used. The results showed that nitro ethane restores the cetane number of the diesel fuel more than 2-methoxy ethyl ether or nitro methane. Blending ethanol with Tehran 1 diesel fuel shows a profound impact on soot reduction (25% soot reduction with 10% ethanol). The soot formation can be reduced by more than 50%, 30% and 27% with the diesel formulations; E-NE5-10, E-NM5-10 and E-MX5-10, respectively. The NOx, CO, CO2 and HC emissions resulting from additive-ethanol-diesel fuels were found to differ from pure diesel emissions. With the increase in additives-ethanol contained in diesel, CO2 emissions decrease, while HC emissions increase. The change in the amount of CO and NOx emissions depended on the type of additives. NOx increases for higher fuel/air ratios. NOx also increases at higher gas temperatures. The results also show that additives with nitrogen in their molecular structure produce higher NOx in comparison to other additives.

 

Keywords
: Diesel fuel additive
Physicochemical properties
Soot reduction
Cetane number improvers
Emission
Combustion
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