Production of Green Fuel Biodiesel from Sunflower Oil Using K2O Nanoparticles Sonochemically Immobilized over Bentonite

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran

Abstract

The aims of this study were to immobilize K2O nanoparticles over bentonite clay; and evaluate and compare its performance with that of bare K2O nanoparticles in order to study the role of mineral support in the biodiesel production. For this purpose, a heterogeneous K2O/Bentonite nanocatalyst was sonochemichally prepared by loading 30 wt.% potassium hydroxide over bentonite and used in the transesterification reaction of sunflower oil. The obtained result was compared with homogeneous KOH catalyst and bare K2O. The physico-chemical properties of synthesized composite were investigated using XRD, FESEM, EDX, BET and FTIR analyzes. The results of the characterization analysis indicate the successful synthesis of the synthesized sample and suitable surface and structural properties of this sample for use in the transesterification process. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of the crystalline phase of K2O in the synthesized sample. FESEM images showed that the surface of bentonite has been covered by small K2O nanoparticles with uniform size distribution and dispersion. The results of EDX analysis confirmed the presence of all the elements used and there was no impurity in the catalyst structure. The catalytic results of the samples in operating conditions of methanol to oil molar ratio of 12:1, catalyst amount of 3 wt.%, reaction temperature of 65 C and reaction time of 3 h indicate acceptable efficiency of synthesized nanocomposite with production yield of 95.17% compared with K2O and KOH samples which had 80.57% and 76.62% production efficiencies, respectively. Also, biodiesel properties, were measured and compared to standards.

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References

 
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History

  • Receive Date: 02 February 2020
  • Revise Date: 27 March 2020
  • Accept Date: 13 April 2020

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