Fuel and Combustion

Fuel and Combustion

Performance evaluation of IT-AP-SOFC ammonia fueled and validation using machine learning

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
1 Department of Mechanical engineering, K. N. T. University of technology, Tehran, Iran
2 Iran, Tehran, Tehran, K. N. Toosi University of technology, Mechanical Department
10.22034/jfnc.2025.487776.1412
Abstract
The limitation of fossil energy sources and environmental concerns have caused efforts to use clean and sustainable energy sources. The solid oxide fuel cell with intermediate working temperature and ammonia fuel is one of the promising sources to replace conventional energy sources. On the other hand, the use of fuel cell performance prediction methods with appropriate and high accuracy and speed is significantly important. In this research, first, the solid oxide fuel cell with ammonia fuel, electrolyte leakage, and average working temperature are numerically simulated. Then the effective input parameters are selected to calculate the performance of the fuel cell in different conditions. In this regard, after generating a sufficient data set, different machine learning algorithms are used to predict the objective functions, including the power density and the maximum temperature of the fuel cell. The results indicate the complexity of predicting the power density of the fuel cell compared to the maximum temperature. It was also observed that the XG Boosting method with R2 equal to 0.99 has the best efficiency in predicting the parameters of maximum temperature and power density.
Keywords

Subjects


[1]           D. F. Cheddie, “Temkin-Pyzhev Kinetics in Intermediate Temperature Ammonia-Fed Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs),” Int. J. Power Energy Res., vol. 2, no. 3, Jul. 2018.
[2]           M. Ilbas, M. A. Alemu, and F. M. Cimen, “Comparative performance analysis of a direct ammonia-fuelled anode supported flat tubular solid oxide fuel cell: A 3D numerical study,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 47, no. 5, pp. 3416–3428, Jan. 2022.
[3]           G. Jeerh, M. Zhang, and S. Tao, “Recent progress in ammonia fuel cells and their potential applications,” J. Mater. Chem. A, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 727–752, Jan. 2021.
[4]           X. Haoran, M. Jingbo, T. Peng, C. Bin, W. Zhen, Z. Yanxiang, W. Huizhi, X. Jin and N. Meng, “Towards online optimisation of solid oxide fuel cell performance: Combining deep learning with multi-physics simulation,” Energy AI, vol. 1, p. 100003, Aug. 2020.
[5]           A. Legala, J. Zhao, and X. Li, “Machine learning modeling for proton exchange membrane fuel cell performance,” Energy AI, vol. 10, p. 100183, Nov. 2022.
[6]           P. V. Madhavan, S. Shahgaldi, and X. Li, “Modelling Anti-Corrosion Coating Performance of Metallic Bipolar Plates for PEM Fuel Cells: A Machine Learning Approach,” Energy AI, vol. 17, p. 100391, Sep. 2024.
[7]           N. J. Williams, C. Osborne, I. D. Seymour, M. Z. Bazant, and S. J. Skinner, “Application of finite Gaussian process distribution of relaxation times on SOFC electrodes,” Electrochem. commun., vol. 149, p. 107458, Apr. 2023.
[8]           T. Vairo, D. Cademartori, D. Clematis, M. P. Carpanese, and B. Fabiano, “Solid oxide fuel cells for shipping: A machine learning model for early detection of hazardous system deviations,” Process Saf. Environ. Prot., vol. 172, pp. 184–194, Apr. 2023.
[9]           M. Tofigh, Z. Salehi, A. Kharazmi, D. J. Smith, A. R. Hanifi, C. R. Koch, M. Shahbakhti, “Transient modeling of a solid oxide fuel cell using an efficient deep learning HY-CNN-NARX paradigm,” J. Power Sources, vol. 606, p. 234555, Jun. 2024.
[10]         O. B. Rizvandi, A. Nemati, H. Nami, P. V. Hendriksen, and H. L. Frandsen, “Numerical performance analysis of solid oxide fuel cell stacks with internal ammonia cracking,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 48, no. 91, pp. 35723–35743, Nov. 2023.
[11]         M. R. Asadi, M. Ghasabehi, S. Ghanbari, and M. Shams, “The optimization of an innovative interdigitated flow field proton exchange membrane fuel cell by using artificial intelligence,” Energy, vol. 290, p. 130131, Mar. 2024.
[12]         A. Legala, M. Kubesh, V. R. Chundru, G. Conway, and X. Li, “Machine learning modeling for fuel cell-battery hybrid power system dynamics in a Toyota Mirai 2 vehicle under various drive cycles,” Energy AI, vol. 17, p. 100415, Sep. 2024.
[13]         Y. Pan, H. Ruan, B. Wu, Y. N. Regmi, H. Wang, and N. P. Brandon, “A machine learning driven 3D+1D model for efficient characterization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells,” Energy AI, vol. 17, p. 100397, Sep. 2024.
[14]         F. Zhou, F. Zhou, C. Sun, J. Pu, J. Li, Y. Li, Q. Xie, K. Li, H. Chen, “Efficiency optimization of fuel cell systems with energy recovery: An integrated approach based on modeling, machine learning, and genetic algorithm,” J. Power Sources, vol. 615, Sep. 2024.
[15]         T. Hai, F. A. Alenizi, M. H. Ubeid, V. Goyal, F. M. Alhomayani, and A. S. Mohammed Metwally, “Using machine learning for comparative optimizing a novel integration of molten carbonate and solid oxide fuel cells with CO2 recovering and gasification,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 48, no. 97, pp. 38454–38472, Dec. 2023.
[16]         T. Hai, T. Hai, F. A. Alenizi, A. H. Mohammed, V. Goyal, R. K. Marjan, K. Quzwain, A. S. M. Metwally, “Solid oxide fuel cell energy system with absorption-ejection refrigeration optimized using a neural network with multiple objectives,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 52, pp. 954–972, Jan. 2024.
[17] Y. Wang, C. Wu, S. Zhao, J. Wang, B. Zu, M. Han, Q. Du, M. Ni, K. Jiao, “Coupling deep learning and multi-objective genetic algorithms to achieve high performance and durability of direct internal reforming solid oxide fuel cell,” Appl. Energy, vol. 315, p. 119046, Jun. 2022.
[18]         F. C. İskenderoğlu, M. K. Baltacioğlu, M. H. Demir, A. Baldinelli, L. Barelli, and G. Bidini, “Comparison of support vector regression and random forest algorithms for estimating the SOFC output voltage by considering hydrogen flow rates,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 45, no. 60, pp. 35023–35038, Dec. 2020.
[19]         M. Lai, D. Zhang, Y. Li, X. Wu, and X. Li, “Application of Multiple Linear Regression and Artificial Neural Networks in Analyses and Predictions of the Thermoelectric Performance of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Systems,” Energies 2024, Vol. 17, Page 4084, vol. 17, no. 16, p. 4084, Aug. 2024.
[20]         M. Keyhanpour, M. Ghasemi, and M. Pourbagian, “Parametric Study of Ammonia-Fueled Tubular AP-SOFC with Temkin-Pyzhev Kinetic Model,” Iran. Chem. Eng. J., vol. 22, no. 129, pp. 98–123, Oct. 2023. (in Persian)
[21]         M. Keyhanpour and M. Ghasemi, “3D Simulation of Effect of Geometry and Temperature Distribution on SOFC Performance,” Fluid Mech. Aerodyn., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 169–184, Feb. 2022. (in Persian)
[22]         M. Keyhanpour and M. Ghasemi, “3D Investigation of Tubular PEM Fuel Cell Performance Assuming Fluid- Solid- Heat Interaction,” J. Comput. Methods Eng., vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 79–99, Dec. 2022. (in Persian)
[23]         S. Sayadian, M. Ghassemi, S. Ahmadi, and A. J. Robinson, “Numerical analysis of transport phenomena in solid oxide fuel cell gas channels,” Fuel, vol. 311, p. 122557, Mar. 2022.
[24]         S. N. Ranasinghe and P. H. Middleton. “Modelling of single cell solid oxide fuel cells using COMSOL Multiphysics.” 2017 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2017 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe), Milan, Italy, pp. 1-6, June 1, 2017.