بهینه سازی فرآیند تولید بیوروانکار از بیودیزل کلزای غیرخوراکی به کمک روش سطح پاسخ

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی مکانیک بیوسیستم، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

2 استاد، مهندسی مکانیک بیوسیستم، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

چکیده

روانکار­های برپایه روغن گیاهی یک منبع پایدار برای روانکاری قطعات متحرک در سیستم­های مکانیکی محسوب می­شوند. پایداری کم در برابر اکسایش و نقطه ریزش بالا دو مشکل عمده روغن­های گیاهی است که مانع از استفاده گسترده آن­ها به‌عنوان روانکار شده­ است. به‌منظور بهبود این معایب از روش ترانس استریفیکاسیون دومرحله­ای استفاده شد. در مرحله اول، متیل استر روغن کلزای غیرخوراکی به روش ترانس­استریفیکاسیون با استفاده از توان فراصوت تولید شد. خواص فیزیکی و شیمیایی بیودیزل تولیدشده با استاندارد EN 14112 مطابقت دارد. در مرحله دوم، واکنش ترانس‌ استریفیکاسیون معکوس متیل استر با تری­متیلول­پروپان آزمایش شد. به­منظور اختلاط مناسب سرعت واکنش تولید بیوروانکار، از سامانه فراصوت استفاده شد که روش جدیدی به منظور تولید بیوروانکار است که برای اولین­بار در جهان مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است. توان فراصوت با ایجاد پدیده کاویتاسیون موجب اختلاط مناسب و بهبود انتقال جرم و افزایش سرعت تولید بیوروانکار می­شود. با ثابت نگه­داشتن دما، نسبت مولی متیل استر به تری متیلول پروپان، کاتالیست و فشار خلأ، اثر متغیر­های مستقل پالس، دامنه و زمان بر بازده بیوروانکار و انرژی مصرفی با استفاده از روش rsmمورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بازده واکنش 82/2 درصد و انرژی مصرفی 116/728کیلوژول در پالس 40 درصد، دامنه 82/01 درصد و زمان 60 دقیقه به­دست آمد. صحت بیوروانکار تولیدشده با استفاده از طیف­سنج رزونانس مغناطیسی هسته-هیدروژن (H-NMR) تأیید شد. برخی از خواص فیزیکی و شیمیایی روانکار سنتزشده با استاندارد­های اندازه­گیری ارزیابی شد. خواص فیزیکی و شیمیایی بیوروانکار سنتزشده با روانکار مرجع ISO VG 10 مطابقت دارد. با توجه به نتایج به­دست آمده، مشخص شد که با استفاده از سامانه التراسونیک می‏توان در مدت­زمان خیلی کمتری نسبت به روش سنتی بیوروانکار را تولید کرد، و روش تولید بیوروانکار به کمک سامانه فراصوت می‏تواند به­عنوان یک روش جدید به جهان معرفی شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Optimization of biolubricant production process from biodiesel of Non-edible rapeseed using response surface method (RSM)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sara Almasi 1
  • برات قبادیان 2
  • Gholamhassan Najafi 1
1 Biosystems engineering Department, TarbiatModares University, Tehran, Iran
2 استاد، مهندسی مکانیک بیوسیستم، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
چکیده [English]

Oil-based lubricants are a stable source for lubricating moving parts in mechanical systems. Low oxidative stability and high pour point are the major problems of vegetable oils that prevent their extensive use as a lubricant. In this study, two-stage transestrification method was used to improve the disadvantages of non-edible rapeseed oil. In the first step, methyl ester of non-edible rapeseed oil was produced by transestrification method using an ultrasound power. In the second step, using ultrasound power the reverse transesterification reaction of methyl ester with tri-methyl propanol was examined. In order to increase the reaction rate of biolubricant production, the ultrasound system was used, which is a new way to production of biolubricant. The ultrasound power by creating the phenomenon of cavitation causes proper mixing and improving the mass transfer and increasing the biolubricant production rate. The effects of independent variables such as pulse, amplitude, and time on the efficiency and energy consumption was investigated using RSM method. It should be noted that the variables such as temperature, the molar ratio of methyl ester to tri-methyl propanol, catalyst concentration, and vacuum pressure were considered constant. The biolubricant yield and energy consumption were 82.2% and 116.726 kJ under the optimized conditions, i.e., a pulse of 40%, an amplitude of 82.01%, and a reaction time of 60 min. The biolubricant was confirmed using nuclear-hydrogen magnetic resonance spectra (H-NMR). The physical and chemical properties of the synthesized biolubricant have been evaluated by measuring standards. The biolubricant prepared (using ultrasonic method) from non-edible rapeseed oil complies with the criteria dictated by ASTM D6751 standards. The physical and chemical properties of the synthesized biolubricant conform to the reference lubricant (ISO VG 10). Regarding the results, it was found that using ultrasonic system the biolubricant can be produced in much less time than the traditional method. The bioubricant production with ultrasonic system can be introduced as a new method to the world.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biolubricant؛ Ultrasonic power؛ reverse Transestrificasion؛ Cavitation
  • RSM

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سوخت و احتراق
دوره 11، شماره 3
آذر 1397
صفحه 1-18

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 23 اسفند 1396
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 19 اردیبهشت 1397
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 14 خرداد 1397

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