تولید سولکتال از گلیسیرین به‌عنوان افزودنی سوخت بنزین: سنتز، خواص فیزیکی و شیمیایی، عملکرد موتور و آلاینده‌های حاصل از احتراق

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی مکانیک ماشین‌های کشاورزی، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

2 گروه مهندسی ماشینهای کشاورزی، دانشکده مهندسی و فناوری کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران

3 مرکز عالی موسسه عالی، موسسه آبزی پروری و شیلات گرمسیری، دانشگاه مالزی ترنگانو، 21030 کوالا نروس، ترنگانو، مالزی

4 مرکز عالی موسسه عالی ، موسسه آبزی پروری و شیلات گرمسیری، دانشگاه مالزی ترنگانو، 21030 کوالا نروس، ترنگانو، مالزی

چکیده

 نیروی محرکه خودروهای شهری رایج معمولاً توسط موتورهای اشتعال جرقه‌ای که با سوخت بنزین کار می‌کنند، تولید می­ شوند. احتراق سوخت بنزین در موتورهای اشتعال جرقه­ ای منجر به آلودگی هوای مناطق شهری و همچنین کاهش ذخایر سوخت‌های فسیلی می‌شود. افزودن اتانول به‌دلیل ساختار زیستی آن، یکی از گزینه‌های کاهش میزان آلایندگی سوخت بنزین توأم با جایگزین منابع فسیلی است. اگرچه وجود اتانول سبب احتراق بهتر سوخت و کاهش آلاینده‌های حاصل از احتراق می‌شود، افزایش میزان اکسیدهای نیتروژن یکی از مشکلات زیست‌محیطی استفاده از درصد ترکیب بالای اتانول در سوخت است. از طرف دیگر، گلیسیرین به‌عنوان محصول جانبی فرایند تولید بیودیزل یک عامل محدودکننده در تولید انبوه بیودیزل است. در این مطالعه با تبدیل گلیسیرین به سولکتال و اختلاط آن با سوخت بنزین حاوی اتانول، ترکیب افزودنی منحصربه‌فرد از سوخت ­های زیستی برای سوخت بنزین با بهینه ترین عملکرد و کمترین میزان آلایندگی معرفی می‌شود. نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که افزودن 5% حجمی سولکتال به سوخت بنزین حاوی 20% حجمی اتانول دارای بهترین عملکرد موتور است به‌طوری که میزان توان ترمزی بهبود قابل‌ ملاحظه‌ای مخصوصاً در دور موتورهای بالا در مقایسه با سوخت بنزین حاوی 20% اتانول است. علاوه بر آن مصرف سوخت ویژه ترمزی با سوخت حاوی 5% سولکتال در گشتاورهای 25، 50 و 75% به ترتیب در حدود پنج، دو و هفت دهم درصد کاهش داشته است. همچنین افزودن 5% سولکتال علاوه بر حفظ تأثیرات مثبت افزودن اتانول در کاهش آلاینده های خروجی موتور، سبب کاهش معنی‌دار انتشار اکسیدهای نیتروژن تا حدود 90% که از معایب افزودن اتانول به سوخت است، می­شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Solketal production from glycerin as a gasoline fuel additive: Synthesis, physical and chemical properties, engine performance and emissions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohsen Keshavarzi 1
  • Mortaza Aghbashlo 2
  • Meisam Tabatabaei 3
  • Ali Hajiahmad 1
  • Hajar Rastegari 3
  • Pouya Mohammadi 4
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering of Agricultural Machinery, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering of Agricultural Machinery, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
3 3Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
4 Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
چکیده [English]

The driving force of typical urban vehicles is usually produced by spark-ignited internal combustion engines operating with gasoline as fuel. The combustion of gasoline fuel in spark ignition engines leads to air pollution in urban areas and also to the reduction of fossil fuel reserves. Due to the biological structure of the fuel, using ethanol as a blend with gasoline, along with other alternatives to fossil sources, is one of the solutions to decrease gasoline-based air pollution. Even though adding ethanol compounds allows better fuel combustion and reduces pollutants, these compounds lead to an elevated emission of nitrogen oxides into the air when used at higher percentages in blended with fuel. On the contrary, glycerin, a byproduct of the biodiesel production process, acts as a restricting factor in the mass production of biodiesel. Taking these into account, this study proposes a novel blend of biofuels for gasoline fuel by converting glycerin into solketal and then injecting it into ethanol-containing gasoline fuel. The proposed fuel blend provides optimal performance and comes with the least emission of pollutants. The results showed that adding 5%  by volume of solketal to gasoline fuel containing 20% ​​ by volume of ethanol resulted in the best engine performance and lower air pollution compared with the combustion of pure gasoline alone and gasoline fuel containing 20% ​​ethanol. In addition, brake specific fuel consumption with fuel containing 5% solketal at 25, 50 and 75% torques has decreased by five, two and seven tenths of percent, respectively. Also, the addition of 5% solketal, in addition to maintaining the positive effects of adding ethanol in reducing engine exhaust emissions, causes a significant reduction in the emission of nitrogen oxides by about 90%, which is one of the disadvantages of adding ethanol to fuel

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ethanol
  • Solketal
  • Gasoline
  • Exhaust emissions
  • Engine performance
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